Structure and characteristics of four-wheel drive off-road forklift

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A four-wheel drive off-road forklift is an engineering vehicle that can safely load, unload, stack and transfer on slopes and uneven ground. It is the same as a counterbalance forklift. It can be equipped with forks or replaced with various accessories to improve work efficiency. There are many structural types of off-road forklifts, which are basically divided into articulated and integrated types.

Structural features of four-wheel drive off-road forklifts:

1. Four-wheel drive off-road forklifts have excellent passability and off-road all-wheel drive. There is no differential between the axles, and large-diameter wide-base off-road tires are selected. The minimum ground clearance of the vehicle is more than 300mm, and the departure angle is more than 30.

2. Choose an articulated frame. The swing angle of the four-wheel drive off-road forklift frame can generally reach 30~40, and the steering system is simple. A smaller turning radius can be completed without an expensive steering drive axle. Operate the steering wheel to make the frame swing horizontally so that the fork can easily align the material. Small-tonnage off-road forklifts can choose an integral frame, single-axle drive, and a drive axle with differential lock.

3. All-wheel brakes. Except for small-tonnage forklifts that use a shoe-type brake structure, most of them are caliper disc brakes, and large-tonnage forklifts also use wet brakes. Parking brakes are widely used independent hand brakes.

4. For 2t~3t articulated off-road forklifts, front and rear axles are common.

5. The rear axle of a four-wheel drive off-road forklift is fixed to the frame, and the front axle can swing 8~12 relative to the frame in a straight line. A supporting hydraulic cylinder is provided between the frame and the front axle. When the forklift is lifted, the hydraulic cylinder is operated to keep the lifting mast in a lateral vertical state. When the forklift is driving, the upper and lower chamber oil circuits of the hydraulic cylinder are connected to each other through the damping hole, which is conducive to improving the ride comfort of the vehicle.

6. There is a large wheelbase and track. Increase the horizontal and vertical stability of the forklift.

7. Excellent maneuverability. The vehicle speed can generally reach (30~40) km/h, the power factor is above 0.65, the driving speed is good, and the climbing ability is 25~30.

8. The gantry frame of the four-wheel drive off-road forklift has a large inclination angle. This is necessary for safe operation and driving on uneven ground, generally tilting 10~15 in front and 15 in the back.

9. The setting of the driver's seat. In order to ensure that the operator has a good view when loading, the driver's seat is generally placed in the front. For articulated forklifts, they should be placed on the front frame as much as possible, and a roof-protected cab with FOPS/ROPS should be installed according to different operating requirements.

10. The travel system of the four-wheel drive off-road forklift is similar to that of the loader, and there are also mechanical transmission (Me), hydraulic shift mechanical transmission (HyC), hydraulic transmission (T/C) and hydrostatic transmission (HYD). The difference is that the full power matching mode is selected, and its maximum load is the full load climbing condition.

Four-wheel drive off-road forklifts can be used for outdoor projects such as township construction sites, pipeline laying, oil field development, mountainous forest areas, loading and unloading containers at dock cargo yards, and loading and unloading military supplies with troops during wartime.

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