Introduction to circuits in excavators for beginners
Posted: Feb 13th, '25, 20:20
In the past twenty years, excavators have made rapid progress in circuits and hydraulics. Today's excavators are ubiquitous in terms of circuits. There are different classification methods based on electrical components and networks.
According to the correlation of the circuits composed of various components, they can be divided into associated circuits and non-associated circuits.
Non-associated circuits: The so-called non-associated circuits refer to simple circuits composed of only a few electrical components: this type of circuit is neither a signal source for other circuits nor a signal source for other circuits. Whether it exists or not, whether it works or not, does not affect other circuits and components. However, such circuits are becoming less and less. For example:
(1) Lights: Components include switches, relays, lighting lamps, etc.
(2) Speakers: Components include switches, relays, speakers, etc.
(3) Travel speed: Components include switches, relays, solenoid valves, etc.
(4) Various liquid levels (it seems that some of these are also associated now):
2. Associated circuits: In contrast to non-associated circuits, in associated circuits, each circuit is not independent. They either use external signals as source signals or use their own collected signals as control source signals for other circuits.
Since this classification is not easy to understand, we will not explain it in detail here.
According to their functions, they can be divided into display systems and control systems.
Display system: This type of system is mainly used by mechanical operators to understand the operating status of the machine in a timely manner during driving. Its main components are mostly sensors, instruments, indicator lights, etc., mainly including:
(1), water temperature
(2), water level
(3), engine oil pressure
(4). Engine oil level
(5), fuel level
(6), air
(7), hydraulic oil level
(8), power generation
(9), various working modes, etc.
2. Control loop: The so-called control loop refers to a loop in which one or several components use the signals collected by other components as the basis and change the working state of a certain mechanism after processing. There must be signal acquisition components (which can be divided into automatic acquisition and manual input), processing components and execution components in the loop.
According to their control objects, this type of loop can be divided into: engine control system, hydraulic pump control system, valve control system and other types of control systems.
(1) Engine control system: In this control system, the actuators include the starter motor, EC motor (stepper motor), and some machines also have parking motors or parking relays. The signal processing element is what we often call a computer (or EC). The signal acquisition elements include the starter switch, throttle knob, speed sensor, EC sensor, various pressure switches, etc. Some also use water temperature, oil pressure, and water level as source signals for engine control.
(2) Hydraulic pump control system: In the hydraulic pump control system, the only actuator is the pump control solenoid valve, and its processing element is the computer (PVC). Its source signal acquisition elements are also relatively few, including the engine speed sensor (automatic acquisition), throttle knob and working mode switch (manual input). This system is used as an auxiliary system in most cases (except EX200-2/3). In some designs, the output pressure of the pump is also used as the source signal. (The hydraulic pumps of our common excavators are mainly hydraulically controlled and implemented using a hydraulic servo system, and the system main pressure is used as the main signal source).
(3) Valve control systems: Most valve control systems use manual switches and pressure switches of pilot operating systems as signal sources, and relays and solenoid valves as actuators. Their functions are mostly to control flow distribution.
(4) Other control systems: such as lights, horns, wipers, etc. are no different from other engineering machinery, so I won’t go into details here.
In short, with the continuous development of science and technology, electrical appliances will become more and more perfect, and the designs of various models are also different. I can only give a brief introduction here. I don’t know if it will be helpful to anyone.
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According to the correlation of the circuits composed of various components, they can be divided into associated circuits and non-associated circuits.
Non-associated circuits: The so-called non-associated circuits refer to simple circuits composed of only a few electrical components: this type of circuit is neither a signal source for other circuits nor a signal source for other circuits. Whether it exists or not, whether it works or not, does not affect other circuits and components. However, such circuits are becoming less and less. For example:
(1) Lights: Components include switches, relays, lighting lamps, etc.
(2) Speakers: Components include switches, relays, speakers, etc.
(3) Travel speed: Components include switches, relays, solenoid valves, etc.
(4) Various liquid levels (it seems that some of these are also associated now):
2. Associated circuits: In contrast to non-associated circuits, in associated circuits, each circuit is not independent. They either use external signals as source signals or use their own collected signals as control source signals for other circuits.
Since this classification is not easy to understand, we will not explain it in detail here.
According to their functions, they can be divided into display systems and control systems.
Display system: This type of system is mainly used by mechanical operators to understand the operating status of the machine in a timely manner during driving. Its main components are mostly sensors, instruments, indicator lights, etc., mainly including:
(1), water temperature
(2), water level
(3), engine oil pressure
(4). Engine oil level
(5), fuel level
(6), air
(7), hydraulic oil level
(8), power generation
(9), various working modes, etc.
2. Control loop: The so-called control loop refers to a loop in which one or several components use the signals collected by other components as the basis and change the working state of a certain mechanism after processing. There must be signal acquisition components (which can be divided into automatic acquisition and manual input), processing components and execution components in the loop.
According to their control objects, this type of loop can be divided into: engine control system, hydraulic pump control system, valve control system and other types of control systems.
(1) Engine control system: In this control system, the actuators include the starter motor, EC motor (stepper motor), and some machines also have parking motors or parking relays. The signal processing element is what we often call a computer (or EC). The signal acquisition elements include the starter switch, throttle knob, speed sensor, EC sensor, various pressure switches, etc. Some also use water temperature, oil pressure, and water level as source signals for engine control.
(2) Hydraulic pump control system: In the hydraulic pump control system, the only actuator is the pump control solenoid valve, and its processing element is the computer (PVC). Its source signal acquisition elements are also relatively few, including the engine speed sensor (automatic acquisition), throttle knob and working mode switch (manual input). This system is used as an auxiliary system in most cases (except EX200-2/3). In some designs, the output pressure of the pump is also used as the source signal. (The hydraulic pumps of our common excavators are mainly hydraulically controlled and implemented using a hydraulic servo system, and the system main pressure is used as the main signal source).
(3) Valve control systems: Most valve control systems use manual switches and pressure switches of pilot operating systems as signal sources, and relays and solenoid valves as actuators. Their functions are mostly to control flow distribution.
(4) Other control systems: such as lights, horns, wipers, etc. are no different from other engineering machinery, so I won’t go into details here.
In short, with the continuous development of science and technology, electrical appliances will become more and more perfect, and the designs of various models are also different. I can only give a brief introduction here. I don’t know if it will be helpful to anyone.
Mini crawler excavator，Mini crawler excavator attachments，Excavator attachments，Crawler excavator，Mini excavator purchase
Choose BONOVO for high-quality, customizable brush cutters for skid steers with fast delivery. Contact us today to discover how our superior products can enhance your land management tasks!
for more info just visit our website at www.bonovogroup.com
contact # : +86 158 6218 2088
email : sales@bonovogroup.com