Construction machinery maintenance
Posted: Mar 12th, '25, 22:55
Importance of Construction Machinery Maintenance
The importance of construction machinery maintenance is self-evident. Timely and effective maintenance can ensure the normal operation of equipment and avoid project delays caused by downtime due to failure. In engineering construction, time is money, and every day of delay will bring huge economic losses. For example, a large excavator suddenly breaks down during construction. If it cannot be repaired in time, the entire excavation operation will come to a standstill, and subsequent earthwork transportation, foundation construction and other links will also be affected, resulting in delayed project progress and additional cost expenditures. Familiarity with the key points of small construction machinery maintenance can respond quickly when problems occur in small equipment, reducing the losses caused by equipment failure in small projects.
Regular maintenance helps to extend the service life of construction machinery. Through daily inspection, cleaning, lubrication, tightening and other maintenance work on the equipment, potential problems can be discovered and solved in time, reducing the wear and damage of parts and components, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the equipment and enabling it to maintain good working condition for a longer time. The service life of a properly maintained loader may be extended by several years compared to similar equipment that has not been well maintained, which undoubtedly saves a lot of equipment purchase costs for the company. Whether it is large or small construction machinery, following the maintenance specifications is the guarantee for the long-term stable operation of the equipment.
Maintenance work is also of great significance to ensure construction safety. Most construction machinery operates in a complex operating environment. If the equipment has safety hazards and is not discovered and eliminated in time, it is very likely to cause serious safety accidents, endangering the life safety of the operator, and also causing great damage to the project. For example, if the brake system of the crane fails, it may cause the heavy object to fall when lifting heavy objects, resulting in an irreversible tragedy. Therefore, doing a good job in the maintenance of construction machinery is an important prerequisite for ensuring the safe and efficient construction of the project. This is also emphasized in the precautions for the maintenance of second-hand construction machinery, because second-hand equipment may have more potential safety risks.
Common fault types
Mechanical failure
Mechanical failure is one of the most common types of faults in construction machinery, mainly manifested in the wear, deformation, and fracture of parts. For example, the piston, crankshaft and other parts of the engine will gradually wear out due to friction during long-term high-speed operation, resulting in a decrease in engine power, increased fuel consumption, and even failure to work properly. In addition, construction machinery is often subjected to severe vibration and impact during work, which can easily loosen bolts at some connection parts, deform or break parts, such as cracking welds at crane arms, frames and other parts, and wear of pins. Whether it is large machinery or small construction machinery, the principles and manifestations of mechanical failures are similar, but the maintenance points of small construction machinery may focus more on the maintenance of some fine parts, because small equipment has compact space and relatively more precise parts.
Hydraulic system failure
The hydraulic system is an important part of construction machinery, and its failure rate is also high. Hydraulic system failures mainly include leakage, blockage, insufficient pressure and other problems. Hydraulic oil leakage is one of the most common failures, which may be caused by reasons such as oil pipe rupture and aging and damage of seals. Leakage will not only cause the pressure of the hydraulic system to drop, affecting the working performance of the equipment, but also cause environmental pollution. In addition, if the filter in the hydraulic system is not replaced for a long time, it will be blocked by impurities, resulting in poor oil flow, which will cause system failure. Damage to components such as hydraulic pumps and hydraulic valves will also lead to insufficient system pressure or inability to control the flow direction and flow of oil normally. When troubleshooting hydraulic system failures, the troubleshooting method of hydraulic system of construction machinery is particularly critical. The correct method can quickly locate the problem.
Electrical system failure
With the continuous improvement of the automation level of construction machinery, the role of electrical system in equipment is becoming more and more important, and its failures are becoming increasingly prominent. Electrical system failures mainly include circuit short circuit, circuit break, poor contact, sensor failure, etc. For example, due to aging of wires, damage to insulation layer, etc., it is easy to cause circuit short circuit, resulting in sudden shutdown of equipment or burning of electrical components. Sensors, as key components in electrical systems, are used to monitor various operating parameters of equipment. If the sensor fails, it will cause the control system to receive wrong signals, resulting in abnormal operation of the equipment. In addition, controllers, relays and other components in the electrical system may also fail due to long-term use, affecting the normal operation of the equipment. Mastering the troubleshooting skills of electrical system of construction machinery plays a decisive role in quickly solving electrical faults and restoring equipment operation.
Maintenance skills and methods
Fault diagnosis method
Accurate diagnosis of faults is the prerequisite for effective maintenance. In the maintenance of construction machinery, commonly used fault diagnosis methods include intuitive inspection method, instrument detection method, and empirical analysis method. The visual inspection method is to inspect the equipment through the maintenance personnel's vision, hearing, smell, touch and other senses to observe whether the equipment has abnormal phenomena, such as oil leakage, smoke, odor, abnormal sound, etc., so as to preliminarily determine the fault. The instrument detection method is to use various professional detection instruments to measure and analyze the various parameters of the equipment, such as using a multimeter to detect the voltage and current of the circuit, and using a hydraulic tester to detect the pressure of the hydraulic system, etc., and compare with the standard value to determine the specific cause of the fault. The empirical analysis method is that the maintenance personnel analyze and judge the fault based on their long-term accumulated maintenance experience, combined with factors such as the equipment's failure phenomenon and working environment. This method requires maintenance personnel to have rich practical experience and strong comprehensive analysis ability. Whether facing large equipment or following the maintenance points of small engineering machinery, these diagnostic methods are universal.
Maintenance skills
In the process of engineering machinery maintenance, mastering some practical maintenance skills can improve maintenance efficiency and quality. For example, when disassembling and installing parts, pay attention to the correct order and method to avoid damage to parts due to improper operation. For some parts that are difficult to disassemble, heating, cooling, and special tools can be used for processing. When replacing seals, choose the appropriate sealing materials and specifications, and ensure that the seals are installed correctly to avoid leakage problems. When repairing the hydraulic system, pay attention to keeping the system clean to prevent impurities from entering the system. At the same time, strictly follow the operating procedures to avoid safety accidents caused by misoperation. In addition, for some complex faults, maintenance personnel can use segmented troubleshooting and gradually narrow the scope of the fault to quickly find the fault point and repair it. In the precautions for second-hand construction machinery maintenance, special attention should be paid to checking the original maintenance records of the equipment in order to understand the problems and maintenance conditions that the equipment has encountered, so as to better carry out the current maintenance work.
Maintenance industry development trend
Intelligent maintenance
With the continuous development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things, the construction machinery maintenance industry is gradually moving towards intelligence. The intelligent maintenance system can collect the operation data of the equipment in real time through sensors, and use big data analysis technology to process and analyze the data, predict possible equipment failures, and issue early warning information in advance, so that maintenance personnel can take timely measures for prevention and maintenance. In addition, intelligent maintenance equipment can also use remote diagnosis technology to allow experts to diagnose equipment failures and guide maintenance in remote locations, thereby improving the timeliness and accuracy of maintenance. Intelligent maintenance has a far-reaching impact on the transformation of the construction machinery maintenance industry, and can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of maintenance.
Green maintenance
Today, with the increasing awareness of environmental protection, green maintenance has become a development trend in the construction machinery maintenance industry. Green maintenance mainly includes the use of environmentally friendly maintenance materials, reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution during maintenance, etc. For example, using degradable cleaning fluid instead of traditional organic solvents to clean parts, using energy-saving maintenance equipment to reduce energy consumption during maintenance, and recycling and reusing waste parts. Green maintenance not only meets environmental protection requirements, but also can reduce the maintenance costs of enterprises and improve the social image of enterprises. This is crucial for the sustainable development of the construction machinery maintenance industry, especially in the current global advocacy of environmental protection.
Professional maintenance services
With the continuous advancement of construction machinery technology and the increasing number of equipment types, the professional quality requirements for maintenance personnel are also getting higher and higher. In order to meet market demand, more and more professional maintenance service companies have emerged. These companies have professional maintenance technical teams, advanced maintenance equipment and a complete service system, which can provide customers with comprehensive, one-stop maintenance services. Professional maintenance services can not only improve the quality and efficiency of maintenance, but also provide customers with value-added services such as equipment maintenance and technical training, helping customers to better manage and use construction machinery. This trend of specialization is becoming more and more obvious in the construction machinery maintenance industry, and can provide customers with better quality and more efficient services.
Construction machinery maintenance is a complex and important task, involving knowledge and technology in multiple fields such as machinery, hydraulics, and electrical. By understanding the importance of construction machinery maintenance, common types of faults, and mastering effective maintenance skills and methods, the maintenance level of maintenance personnel can be improved to ensure the normal operation of construction machinery. At the same time, with the continuous advancement of science and technology and changes in market demand, the construction machinery maintenance industry is also constantly developing and innovating. Intelligent maintenance, green maintenance and professional maintenance services will become the mainstream trend of future industry development. As construction machinery maintenance personnel, we should continue to learn and master new technologies and methods, adapt to the needs of industry development, and provide better quality and more efficient maintenance services for engineering construction, whether it is for large equipment or in the key points of small construction machinery maintenance.
The importance of construction machinery maintenance is self-evident. Timely and effective maintenance can ensure the normal operation of equipment and avoid project delays caused by downtime due to failure. In engineering construction, time is money, and every day of delay will bring huge economic losses. For example, a large excavator suddenly breaks down during construction. If it cannot be repaired in time, the entire excavation operation will come to a standstill, and subsequent earthwork transportation, foundation construction and other links will also be affected, resulting in delayed project progress and additional cost expenditures. Familiarity with the key points of small construction machinery maintenance can respond quickly when problems occur in small equipment, reducing the losses caused by equipment failure in small projects.
Regular maintenance helps to extend the service life of construction machinery. Through daily inspection, cleaning, lubrication, tightening and other maintenance work on the equipment, potential problems can be discovered and solved in time, reducing the wear and damage of parts and components, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the equipment and enabling it to maintain good working condition for a longer time. The service life of a properly maintained loader may be extended by several years compared to similar equipment that has not been well maintained, which undoubtedly saves a lot of equipment purchase costs for the company. Whether it is large or small construction machinery, following the maintenance specifications is the guarantee for the long-term stable operation of the equipment.
Maintenance work is also of great significance to ensure construction safety. Most construction machinery operates in a complex operating environment. If the equipment has safety hazards and is not discovered and eliminated in time, it is very likely to cause serious safety accidents, endangering the life safety of the operator, and also causing great damage to the project. For example, if the brake system of the crane fails, it may cause the heavy object to fall when lifting heavy objects, resulting in an irreversible tragedy. Therefore, doing a good job in the maintenance of construction machinery is an important prerequisite for ensuring the safe and efficient construction of the project. This is also emphasized in the precautions for the maintenance of second-hand construction machinery, because second-hand equipment may have more potential safety risks.
Common fault types
Mechanical failure
Mechanical failure is one of the most common types of faults in construction machinery, mainly manifested in the wear, deformation, and fracture of parts. For example, the piston, crankshaft and other parts of the engine will gradually wear out due to friction during long-term high-speed operation, resulting in a decrease in engine power, increased fuel consumption, and even failure to work properly. In addition, construction machinery is often subjected to severe vibration and impact during work, which can easily loosen bolts at some connection parts, deform or break parts, such as cracking welds at crane arms, frames and other parts, and wear of pins. Whether it is large machinery or small construction machinery, the principles and manifestations of mechanical failures are similar, but the maintenance points of small construction machinery may focus more on the maintenance of some fine parts, because small equipment has compact space and relatively more precise parts.
Hydraulic system failure
The hydraulic system is an important part of construction machinery, and its failure rate is also high. Hydraulic system failures mainly include leakage, blockage, insufficient pressure and other problems. Hydraulic oil leakage is one of the most common failures, which may be caused by reasons such as oil pipe rupture and aging and damage of seals. Leakage will not only cause the pressure of the hydraulic system to drop, affecting the working performance of the equipment, but also cause environmental pollution. In addition, if the filter in the hydraulic system is not replaced for a long time, it will be blocked by impurities, resulting in poor oil flow, which will cause system failure. Damage to components such as hydraulic pumps and hydraulic valves will also lead to insufficient system pressure or inability to control the flow direction and flow of oil normally. When troubleshooting hydraulic system failures, the troubleshooting method of hydraulic system of construction machinery is particularly critical. The correct method can quickly locate the problem.
Electrical system failure
With the continuous improvement of the automation level of construction machinery, the role of electrical system in equipment is becoming more and more important, and its failures are becoming increasingly prominent. Electrical system failures mainly include circuit short circuit, circuit break, poor contact, sensor failure, etc. For example, due to aging of wires, damage to insulation layer, etc., it is easy to cause circuit short circuit, resulting in sudden shutdown of equipment or burning of electrical components. Sensors, as key components in electrical systems, are used to monitor various operating parameters of equipment. If the sensor fails, it will cause the control system to receive wrong signals, resulting in abnormal operation of the equipment. In addition, controllers, relays and other components in the electrical system may also fail due to long-term use, affecting the normal operation of the equipment. Mastering the troubleshooting skills of electrical system of construction machinery plays a decisive role in quickly solving electrical faults and restoring equipment operation.
Maintenance skills and methods
Fault diagnosis method
Accurate diagnosis of faults is the prerequisite for effective maintenance. In the maintenance of construction machinery, commonly used fault diagnosis methods include intuitive inspection method, instrument detection method, and empirical analysis method. The visual inspection method is to inspect the equipment through the maintenance personnel's vision, hearing, smell, touch and other senses to observe whether the equipment has abnormal phenomena, such as oil leakage, smoke, odor, abnormal sound, etc., so as to preliminarily determine the fault. The instrument detection method is to use various professional detection instruments to measure and analyze the various parameters of the equipment, such as using a multimeter to detect the voltage and current of the circuit, and using a hydraulic tester to detect the pressure of the hydraulic system, etc., and compare with the standard value to determine the specific cause of the fault. The empirical analysis method is that the maintenance personnel analyze and judge the fault based on their long-term accumulated maintenance experience, combined with factors such as the equipment's failure phenomenon and working environment. This method requires maintenance personnel to have rich practical experience and strong comprehensive analysis ability. Whether facing large equipment or following the maintenance points of small engineering machinery, these diagnostic methods are universal.
Maintenance skills
In the process of engineering machinery maintenance, mastering some practical maintenance skills can improve maintenance efficiency and quality. For example, when disassembling and installing parts, pay attention to the correct order and method to avoid damage to parts due to improper operation. For some parts that are difficult to disassemble, heating, cooling, and special tools can be used for processing. When replacing seals, choose the appropriate sealing materials and specifications, and ensure that the seals are installed correctly to avoid leakage problems. When repairing the hydraulic system, pay attention to keeping the system clean to prevent impurities from entering the system. At the same time, strictly follow the operating procedures to avoid safety accidents caused by misoperation. In addition, for some complex faults, maintenance personnel can use segmented troubleshooting and gradually narrow the scope of the fault to quickly find the fault point and repair it. In the precautions for second-hand construction machinery maintenance, special attention should be paid to checking the original maintenance records of the equipment in order to understand the problems and maintenance conditions that the equipment has encountered, so as to better carry out the current maintenance work.
Maintenance industry development trend
Intelligent maintenance
With the continuous development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things, the construction machinery maintenance industry is gradually moving towards intelligence. The intelligent maintenance system can collect the operation data of the equipment in real time through sensors, and use big data analysis technology to process and analyze the data, predict possible equipment failures, and issue early warning information in advance, so that maintenance personnel can take timely measures for prevention and maintenance. In addition, intelligent maintenance equipment can also use remote diagnosis technology to allow experts to diagnose equipment failures and guide maintenance in remote locations, thereby improving the timeliness and accuracy of maintenance. Intelligent maintenance has a far-reaching impact on the transformation of the construction machinery maintenance industry, and can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of maintenance.
Green maintenance
Today, with the increasing awareness of environmental protection, green maintenance has become a development trend in the construction machinery maintenance industry. Green maintenance mainly includes the use of environmentally friendly maintenance materials, reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution during maintenance, etc. For example, using degradable cleaning fluid instead of traditional organic solvents to clean parts, using energy-saving maintenance equipment to reduce energy consumption during maintenance, and recycling and reusing waste parts. Green maintenance not only meets environmental protection requirements, but also can reduce the maintenance costs of enterprises and improve the social image of enterprises. This is crucial for the sustainable development of the construction machinery maintenance industry, especially in the current global advocacy of environmental protection.
Professional maintenance services
With the continuous advancement of construction machinery technology and the increasing number of equipment types, the professional quality requirements for maintenance personnel are also getting higher and higher. In order to meet market demand, more and more professional maintenance service companies have emerged. These companies have professional maintenance technical teams, advanced maintenance equipment and a complete service system, which can provide customers with comprehensive, one-stop maintenance services. Professional maintenance services can not only improve the quality and efficiency of maintenance, but also provide customers with value-added services such as equipment maintenance and technical training, helping customers to better manage and use construction machinery. This trend of specialization is becoming more and more obvious in the construction machinery maintenance industry, and can provide customers with better quality and more efficient services.
Construction machinery maintenance is a complex and important task, involving knowledge and technology in multiple fields such as machinery, hydraulics, and electrical. By understanding the importance of construction machinery maintenance, common types of faults, and mastering effective maintenance skills and methods, the maintenance level of maintenance personnel can be improved to ensure the normal operation of construction machinery. At the same time, with the continuous advancement of science and technology and changes in market demand, the construction machinery maintenance industry is also constantly developing and innovating. Intelligent maintenance, green maintenance and professional maintenance services will become the mainstream trend of future industry development. As construction machinery maintenance personnel, we should continue to learn and master new technologies and methods, adapt to the needs of industry development, and provide better quality and more efficient maintenance services for engineering construction, whether it is for large equipment or in the key points of small construction machinery maintenance.