Introduction and working principle of hydraulic breaker hammer for excavator

[DIG-DOG]

01 Introduction

Hydraulic breaker is referred to as "breaker" or "breaker". The power source of hydraulic breaker is the pressure provided by excavators, loaders or pump stations. It can more effectively break stones and rocks in engineering construction and improve work efficiency. The principle of selecting hydraulic breaker is to select the most suitable hydraulic breaker according to the excavator model and the working environment.

02 Working principle

▌Return acceleration stage
When the piston returns, the last impact of the piston has ended and it is in a momentary pause state. At this time, the main valve V2 cavity is a low-pressure cavity, and the V4 cavity is a normally high-pressure cavity, so the main valve core is in the lower limit position. In this way, the front cavity V1 of the piston is connected to the high-pressure oil through the main valve core, and the rear cavity V3 of the piston is always connected to the return oil cavity, which is low pressure. Therefore, the piston is under the action of the high-pressure oil in the front cavity, and the return acceleration movement is performed, and the nitrogen in the tail nitrogen chamber is compressed at the same time, so that it is adiabatically compressed.

▌Return braking movement
The piston continues to make a return movement upward under the action of high-pressure oil. When the lower side of the middle section of the piston passes the lower side of the control port, the high-pressure oil in the V1 chamber enters the V2 chamber of the main valve. Since the hydraulic pressure acting on the main valve core through the V2 chamber is greater than the hydraulic pressure acting on the main valve core through the V4 chamber, the valve core is forced to start reversing movement. The movement of the valve core gradually reduces the high-pressure oil entering the V1 chamber, so that the corresponding return thrust acting on the piston also gradually decreases, while the return resistance applied by the relatively compressed nitrogen is getting larger and larger, and the piston enters the return braking stage. The valve core will eventually completely cut off the pressure oil in the V1 chamber, and the piston will soon stop the return movement.

▌Stroke acceleration movement
When the piston stops the return movement, it will immediately enter the stroke movement stage. At this time, the main valve core has opened the oil path from the piston front chamber V1 to the main valve core return oil chamber, so that the oil in the piston front chamber can be discharged smoothly. At this time, the piston begins to move rapidly under the action of the adiabatic expansion force of nitrogen. When the piston makes a stroke movement, the valve core will reliably stay at the upper limit position.

▌Piston impact pause state
Under the action of the adiabatic expansion of nitrogen in the nitrogen chamber, the piston makes a quasi-accelerated movement (its acceleration gradually decreases). When the upper side of the middle section of the piston passes over the upper side of the control port, the V2 chamber of the main valve core communicates with the return oil, and the V2 chamber becomes a low-pressure chamber. The valve core will start to make a downward reversing movement under the action of the high-pressure oil in the V4 chamber. At this time, the piston, which has obtained enough energy, strikes the drill rod and completes the impact action. The valve core continues to move downward, and when the valve core moves to the lower limit position, the piston is in a momentary pause stage. At this point, the piston ends a working cycle. Subsequently, the piston rebounds after the impact and starts the next working cycle.

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