What are the main structures of steel structures?

[BONOVO]

Steel structure is a structure made of steel materials and is one of the main types of building structures. The structure is mainly composed of steel beams, steel columns, steel trusses and other components made of steel and steel plates. The components or parts are generally connected by welds, bolts or rivets. Because of its light weight and simple construction, it is widely used in large factories, venues, super high-rise buildings and other fields. According to different classification standards, it is classified as follows:

1. Steel structure includes four types according to its use: high-rise steel structure, plate-shell steel structure, industrial factory steel structure, and light steel structure.

1. High-rise steel structure

High-rise structures include TV towers, microwave towers, communication towers, high-voltage transmission line towers, petrochemical towers, atmospheric monitoring towers, rocket launch towers, travel lookout towers, drilling towers, exhaust towers, water towers, chimneys, etc., and most high-rise structures are made of steel structures. The 336m-high Heilongjiang TV Tower is the tallest steel structure multifunctional TV tower in my country. There are many steel towers of the same type with a height of 200 to 300 meters. The large steel tower mast structures built in my country in the 1960s and 1970s include the 200m Guangzhou TV Tower, the 210m Shanghai TV Tower, the 194m Nanjing Transmission Line Tower across the Yangtze River, and the 325m Beijing Climate Mast. The 212m Shantou TV Tower and the 260m Daqing TV Tower completed in 1990 are also steel structures. The towering structures with large quantities and wide coverage are communication towers and transmission towers. With the development of information and electricity, such steel towers of about 50m will be widely used in China.

2. Plate-shell steel structure

Containers that require airtightness, such as large oil storage tanks, gas storage tanks, furnace shells, etc., which need to withstand large internal forces and rapid temperature changes, blast furnace structures, large-diameter high-pressure oil pipelines are all plate-shell steel structures, and some large hydraulic structures such as ship locks are also plate-shell structures.

3. Industrial plant steel structure

Steel structure is generally used for the load-bearing skeleton of heavy workshops, such as the open-hearth workshop, primary rolling workshop, and iron-mixing furnace workshop of metallurgical plants, the cast steel workshop, hydraulic press workshop, and forging workshop of heavy machinery plants, the slipway workshop of shipyards, the assembly workshop of aircraft manufacturing plants, and the roofs and crane beams of workshops with large spans in other factories. Many workshops of several well-known metallurgical joint enterprises in my country, such as Anshan Iron and Steel, Wuhan Iron and Steel, Baotou Steel, and Shanghai Baosteel, have adopted steel structure workshops of various designs. The hydraulic press workshop of Shanghai Heavy Machinery Plant and Shanghai Jiangnan Shipyard also have huge steel structure workshops.

4. Light steel structure

Light steel structure generally refers to a structure welded by round steel, small angle steel, thin-walled steel or thin steel plate. The advantages of light steel structure are light weight, low cost, high degree of factory production, small workload of on-site installation, fast production speed, beautiful appearance, spacious interior, high building area and space utilization, so it has the strongest competitiveness in the construction market. In recent years, light steel structures have developed rapidly in my country, and their application scale has expanded from industrial plants, small and medium-sized housing buildings, stadium stands and canopies, small warehouses, etc. to residences and villas.

2. Types of building steel structures According to the structural form, they can be divided into seven common types of steel structures, such as layered steel structures, tower steel structures, and staircase steel structures:

1. Layered steel structure

Steel is the primary load-bearing beam, connecting the main wall or the support points at both ends of the beam. The main structure should be laid with corrugated steel plates, and then steel bars should be laid, and connected with the surrounding of the original structure, and finally poured with concrete.

2. Villa expansion steel structure

The main structural beams, columns, and layer frame supports of the steel structure villa are composed of cold-bent thin-walled steel structures or composite beams. The selected steel structure components are light in weight, easy to transport, install, disassemble, and expand. 3. Tower steel structure

The tower is a high-rise steel structure. The primary structural material is steel pipe. The tower is widely used and can be used for supporting factory chimneys, large building supports, water towers, monitoring projects, communication projects and other special purposes.

4. Staircase steel structure

The support system of the steel structure staircase is the steel inclined beam of the staircase as the primary structural component. The staircase steps are mainly steel plate pedals, and the railings are mostly parallel to the inclined beams of the staircase. Its characteristics are small footprint, fast construction, arbitrary shape, and strong practicality.

5. Garage entrance and exit steel structure

Factory manufacturing, site installation, high processing precision, short manufacturing cycle, high production efficiency, fast production speed, neat appearance, and arbitrary shape.

6. Shopping mall entrance and exit steel structure

Select a corresponding and reasonable structural system to achieve advanced technology, novel structure, and perfect consistency between architecture and structure. The surface of the steel material uses hot-dip galvanizing and fluorocarbon spraying technology, which is durable, bright and beautiful.

7. Layered (flat to sloped) steel structure

After pouring reinforced concrete horizontal beams on the original building steel structure layer (part of the waterproof insulation layer and parapet wall need to be removed), the steel layer frame is connected to the original structure, and steel purlins or wooden purlins are placed on it, and then layer tiles or color steel plates are laid, and mountain windows are set on the top of the newly built slope layer to achieve ventilation and decoration effects.

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